| 本文已被：浏览 562次 下载 307次 |
码上扫一扫！ |
| “玉米田养鹅”农田生态系统下的土壤温度影响机制 |
|
仝淑萍1,2, 关法春2,3, 曹舰艇1,2, 张宇阳4, 边步云1,2, 程犇1,2
|
|
|
| (1.西藏农牧学院 高原生态研究所, 西藏 林芝 860000;2."农牧一体化"农业生态试验站(林芝), 西藏 林芝 860000;3.西藏农牧学院 植物科学学院, 西藏 林芝 860000;4.北京林业大学 林学院, 北京 100083) |
|
| 摘要: |
| 为了解农牧一体化下"玉米田养鹅"生产模式的土壤温度影响机制，通过对比试验方法进行田间试验，结果表明：玉米田养鹅处理杂草群落平均密度为171.33株/m2，是对照密度（11.11株/m2）的15.42倍，处理间差异极显著（P<0.01；n=9），该处理下杂草Shannon-Wiener多样性指数为1.76，Simpson多样性指数为0.77，均高于对照；玉米田养鹅处理的地上生物量为386.30 g/m2，是对照（5.67 g/m2）的68.13倍，处理间差异极显著（P<0.01；n=9），同时玉米田养鹅处理的盖度为90.56%，是对照（7.22%）的12.54倍，处理间差异极显著（P<0.01；n=9）。在白天土壤温度的变化过程中，玉米田养鹅处理较高的地上生物量和丰富的地表植被使得田间地下生物生理代谢活动旺盛，土壤呼吸作用增强，土壤CO2呼吸通量增加，高达308.64 mg/（m2·h），显著高于对照的234.90 mg/（m2·h）（P<0.05；n=9）。因此，在试验期间白天光照不足，地表接受光照辐射有限的情况下，生物代谢活动产生的热量是影响土壤温度的主导因素，白天的土壤温度高于对照。在夜间土壤温度的变化中，玉米田养鹅处理5~15 cm的土壤含水量为16.14%，显著高于对照1.27%（P<0.05；n=9），水的良好导热能力促进了土壤的散热，使得玉米田养鹅处理表层土壤夜间散热较快，以致夜间该处理下的土壤温度低于对照。因此，在"玉米田养鹅"模式生产过程的前期，生物代谢活动和土壤含水量是影响土壤温度变化的主要因素。 |
| 关键词: 生态系统 农牧一体化 玉米田养鹅 杂草 土壤温度 |
| DOI：10.11841/j.issn.1007-4333.2017.09.08 |
| 投稿时间：2016-10-08 |
| 基金项目:国家自然基金资助项目（31660552，41464054）；西藏科技厅项目"林芝地区庭院农业资源利用与蕨麻产品开发"；西藏大学农牧学院青年拔尖人才支持计划资助项目（2015D0601） |
|
| Influence mechanism of the farmland ecosystem of “Raising geese in corn field” on soil temperature |
|
TONG Shuping1,2, GUAN Fachun2,3, CAO Jianting1,2, ZHANG Yuyang4, BIAN Buyun1,2, CHENG Ben1,2
|
| (1.Institute of Plateau Ecology, XiZang Agriculture and Animal Husbandry College, Linzhi 860000, China;2.Station of Agro-Ecology Research on Agro-Pastoral Integration(Linzhi), Linzhi 860000, China;3.College of Plant Sciences, XiZang Agriculture and Animal Husbandry College, Linzhi 860000, China;4.College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China) |
| Abstract: |
| The principle of soil temperature change of agro-pastoral integration was studied in order to clarify factors and mechanism of soil temperature under "Raising geese in corn field" mode.Field experiments were conducted by using comparative method.The results showed that the mean density of weed communities in maize field was 171.33 plants/m2,which was 15.42 times of the control density (11.11 plants/m2),and the difference between treatments was extremely significant (P<0.01;n=9).Shannon-Wiener diversity index was 1.76 and Simpson diversity index was 0.77,which were all higher than those in the control.The above ground biomass of maize field was 386.30 g/m2,which was 68.13 times of control (5.67 g/m2),and the difference between treatments was extremely significant (P<0.01;n=9).The coverage of maize field geese was 90.56%,which was 12.54 times of that of control treatment (7.22%),and the difference between treatments was extremely significant (P<0.01;n=9).The physiologic metabolic activities of underground biota and soil respiration were also enhanced during the daytime soil temperature change due to high above ground biomass and abundant surface vegetation.In addition,soil CO2 flux increased to 308.64 mg/(m2·h),which was 1.31 times higher than that in control (234.90 mg/(m2·h)),and the difference was significant (P<0.05;n=9).During the test period,illumination was poor and surface radiation exposure was limited in the daytime.The light intensity of maize field goose was 5 488.89 Lx,the control treatment was 8 666.67 Lx.Soil temperature was mainly due to the heat generated by bio-metabolic activities,so the soil temperature during the day was higher than that in the control treatment;During night time,the soil water content in the 5-15 cm soil layer was 16.14%,which was significantly higher than that in control 1.27% (P<0.05;n=9).Good thermal conductivity of water promoted the heat of the soil and corn geese responded to surface soil heat faster at night.Eventually,the soil temperature at night was lower.In conclusion,biological metabolic activity and soil moisture content were the main factors affecting the soil temperature changes at preproduction stage of "Raising geese in corn field". |
| Key words: ecosystem agro-pastoral integration Raising geese in corn field weed soil temperature |
