| 摘要: |
| 为研究新疆滴灌冬小麦超高产栽培的水氮运筹模式，以新冬41为试材在田间采用水、氮2因素3水平裂区试验，设置9个水氮处理（W灌水量，N施氮量），W1N0（2 775 m3/hm2、0 kg/hm2）、W2N0（3 900 m3/hm2、0 kg/hm2）、W3N0（4 350 m3/hm2、0 kg/hm2）、W1N1（2 775 m3/hm2、180 kg/hm2）、W2N1（3 900 m3/hm2、180 kg/hm2）、W3N1（4 350 m3/hm2、180 kg/hm2）、W1N2（2 775 m3/hm2、270 kg/hm2）、W2N2（3 900 m3/hm2、270 kg/hm2）和W3N2（4 350 m3/hm2、270 kg/hm2）对0~100 cm土层耗水量、小麦自拔节期到开花期0~60 cm土层根干重、根长、活性和产量等的影响进行研究。结果表明，增加滴水量直接增加拔节至成熟期0~60 cm土层含水量，间接减少60~100 cm土层储水消耗量，增加施氮量对土壤含水量影响不显著；W3N2、W3N1处理开花期0~60 cm土层根系干重分别较W3N0处理增加15.4%和7.5%；根系总长度分别增加53.9%和18.3%；W3N2、W2N2处理开花期0~60 cm土层根系干重分别较W1N2处理增加9.4%和7.4%，根系总长度分别增加27.0%和21.5%，主要是0~20 cm土层增加的结果，并增加开花期0~40 cm土层根系活性；以W2N2、W3N2处理的根量和根活性较高，W2N2根系干重和根系总长度分别较W1N0增加19.2%和49.2%，0~20 cm土层根系活性较W1N0增加97.2%；产量也以W2N2和W3N2处理较高，分别比W1N0增加19.1%和20.9%，却降低灌溉水利用效率和氮肥农学利用效率。综合产量和成本，W2N2（3 900 m3/hm2、270 kg/hm2）为本试验条件下产量为9 000 kg/hm2左右的适宜水氮运筹模式。 |
| 关键词: 滴灌 冬小麦 水氮耦合 根系 产量 |
| DOI：10.11841/j.issn.1007-4333.2017.09.03 |
| 投稿时间：2016-08-09 |
| 基金项目:新疆维吾尔自治区自然科学基金（2016D01A047）资助 |
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| Effects of different water and nitrogen application patterns on the growth of root and yield of winter wheat |
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XUE Lihua1, ZHAO Lianjia1,2, CHEN Xingwu1, LEI Junjie1, SAILIHAN Sai1, Qiao Xu1, ZHANG Yongqiang1
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| (1.Grain Crops Research Institute, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830091, China;2.College of Agronomy, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China) |
| Abstract: |
| To provide scientific basis for integrated water and nitrogen management of super high yielding winter wheat using drip irrigation.A field experiment was conducted in the two-factor (water and nitrogen) three-level split plot experiment.The effect of different water and nitrogen managements on water consumption in 0-100 cm soil layer,dry root weight,root length and root activity at flowering in 0-60 cm soil layer and yield of Xindong 41 were investigated.Nine different water and nitrogen management were set as follows:W1N0(2 775 m3/hm2 and 0 kg/hm2),W2N0(3 900 m3/hm2 and 0 kg/hm2),W3N0(4 350 m3/hm2 and 0 kg/hm2),W1N1(2 775 m3/hm2 and 180 kg/hm2),W2N1(3 900 m3/hm2 and 180 kg/hm2),W3N1(4 350 m3/hm2 and 180 kg/hm2), W1N2(2 775 m3/hm2 and 270 kg/hm2), W2N2(3 900 m3/hm2 and 270 kg/hm2)and W3N2(4 350 m3/hm2 and 270 kg/hm2).The results showed that soil moisture content was increased directly from jointing to ripening in 0-60 cm soil layers and reduced indirectly crop water use with the increase of drip irrigation quota in 60-100 cm,the effect of soil moisture content was not obvious with the increase of nitrogen fertilizer application;the dry root weight of W3N2 and W3N1 increased respectively 15.4% and 7.5% than W3N0 at flowering in 0-60 cm;the total length of root increased respectively 53.9% and 18.3%;the dry root weight of W3N2 and W2N2 increased respectively 9.4% and 7.4% than W1N2 at flowering in 0-60 cm,and the total length of root increased respectively 27.0% and 21.5%,which were mainly increase root in 0-20 cm and the root activity increased at flowering in 0-40 cm;they were higher that root weight and root activity of W2N2、W3N2,dry root weight and total root length of W2N2 increased respectively 19.2% and 49.2% than W1N0,root activity increased 97.2% than W1N0 in 0-20 cm,the yield increased 19.1% and 20.9% than W1N0,reduced irrigation water use efficiency and nitrogen agronomic use efficiency;This treatment well enabled wheat root growth resulting in the increase of yield.In this experiment, comprehensive yield and economic efficiency,W2N2(2 250 m3/hm2 and 270 kg/hm2) was the optimum water and nitrogen management model for above the yield of 6 000 kg/hm2 under drip irrigation. |
| Key words: drip irrigation winter wheat integrated water and nitrogen management root yield |
