| 摘要: |
| 为研究氮肥后移对夏玉米叶片光合特性的改善、籽粒库容的调节以及增产效应，选择库容差异较大的玉米品种登海605和郑单958，利用滴灌水肥一体化方式设置氮肥全部（100%）底施、底施40%+十二叶展（V12）60%、底施40%+吐丝期60%和底施40%+十二叶展20%+吐丝期40%处理。结果表明，与一次性底施相比，氮肥分次施用处理登海605和郑单958穗位叶光合速率分别增加了14.4%~33.3%和6.1%~16.9%；籽粒建成期玉米素核苷含量、籽粒绝对含水量、体积分别提高了9.4%~53.0%、5.2%~13.5%、5.1%~13.5%和9.7%~45.9%、12.5%~36.4%、5.6%~30.6%；库容及光合速率的提高促进了籽粒灌浆速率，快速灌浆阶段的灌浆速率分别提高了0.66~2.24 mg/（粒·d）和0.65~1.64 mg/（粒·d）。最终2个品种的粒重及登海605的穗粒数显著提高，分别增产5.8%~13.6%和5.1%~12.4%。氮肥后移保证了夏玉米全生育期对氮素的需求，源库特性明显改善，产量显著提高，底施40%+十二叶展20%+吐丝期40%施肥方式效果最明显。 |
| 关键词: 夏玉米 滴灌 氮肥后移 籽粒库容 产量 |
| DOI：10.11841/j.issn.1077-4333.2017.08.01 |
| 投稿时间：2016-07-12 |
| 基金项目:国家公益性行业科研专项（201303133、201203031）；玉米产业技术体系（CARS-02-26）；粮食丰产增效科技创新重点专项（2016YFD0300301） |
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| Effects of postponing N-fertilizer application by drip fertigation on the characteristics of source-sink and yield formation in summer maize |
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WANG Jiahui, GAO Zhen, QU Linghua, LV Xinyue, LIANG Xiaogui, ZHANG Li, ZHOU Shunli
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| (College of Agronomy, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China) |
| Abstract: |
| Aim of this study was to explore the effects of postponing N-fertilizer application by drip fertigation on photosynthesis improvement,kernel capacity regulation and yield-increasing effect in summer maize.Hybrids with different kernel sink capacity,Denghai 605 and Zhengdan 958,were taken as study object.Four nitrogen (N) fertilization treatments including N-fertilizer applied 100% at sowing (CK),40% at sowing and 60% at 12-leaf stage (V12),40% at sowing and 60% at silking stage,40% at sowing,20% at V12 and 40% at silking stage were implemented by drip fertigation.The effects of postponing N-fertilizer application on the characteristics of source-sink and yield formation were investigated.Compared to CK,dressing N at the late stages could increase photosynthetic rate of ear leaf by 14.4%-33.3% in Denghai 605 and 6.1%-16.9% in Zhengdan 958.Zeatin riboside content,water content and volume during the late lag period were increased by 9.4%-53.0%,5.2%-13.5%,5.1%-13.5% in Denghai 605 and 9.7%-45.9%,12.5%-36.4%,5.6%-30.6% in Zhengdan 958,respectively.The improvement in the characteristics of source-sink enhanced grain filling rate,and grain filling rate during the fast filling period increased 0.66-2.24 mg/(kernel·d) in Denghai 605 and 0.65-1.64 mg/(kernel·d) in Zhengdan 958.In the end,the kernel weight of the two hybrids and the ear kernel number of Denghai 605 were stimulated,and grain yield were improved by 5.8%-13.6% in Denghai 605 and 5.1%-12.4% in Zhengdan 958.In conclusion,postponing N-fertilizer application ensured the N requirement during whole period for summer maize,improved the characteristics of source-sink,and promoted grain yield.The treatment of 40% N-fertilizer applied at sowing,20% at V12 and 40% at silking stage showed the most obvious effect. |
| Key words: summer maize drip irrigation postponing N-fertilizer application sink capacity yield |
