| 摘要: |
| 为解决北京地区果园生产清耕管理方式劳动强度大，生产资料投入高，土壤保水保肥能力低的问题，于2013-2015年在北京市延庆区矮化密植苹果园采用田间小区试验方法，进行了3种处理（清耕、种植油菜、残枝粉碎覆盖）对土壤团粒结构、含水率、温度、CO2释放速率、土壤有机质、果实品质影响的试验研究。结果表明：在果树主要生长期，残枝覆盖在0~30 cm土层，直径>1 mm大团聚体含量比清耕多46.7%。残枝覆盖与清耕相比，土壤含水率在10~30 cm土层高18.4%；土壤CO2释放速率无明显差异；可溶性固形物增加6.7%，单果质量提高7.5%。因此，果园残枝覆盖可以改善土壤理化性状，提高果实品质。 |
| 关键词: 果园 残枝覆盖 土壤 持水能力 团聚体 |
| DOI：10.11841/j.issn.1007-4333.2016.11.12 |
| 投稿时间：2016-01-23 |
| 基金项目:北京市农业科技项目（20130119） |
|
| Effect of mulching broken branch's on soil physical and chemical characteristics and the quality of fruits |
|
LI Chuan-you, XIONG Bo, ZHANG Li, AN Hong-li, JIANG Bin, HAO Dong-sheng, TENG Fei
|
| (Beijing Agricultural Machinery Testing and Extension Station, Beijing 100079, China) |
| Abstract: |
| In order to solve the problems of high labor costs,soil erosion,and poor water and nutrient conservation caused by clean tillage of soil in orchard apple production in Beijing area.A research project was conducted in an apple orchard with dwarf apple trees in Yan Qing district,Beijing.Three experimental tests were conducted to quantify the effects of different soil management practices:1) coving with mulch made of branches of apple trees,2) growing rape on the orchard ground,and 3) tilling the ground without any coverage.Three treatments was carried out to investigate their impacts on soil aggregate structure,soil moisture content,soil temperature,CO2 emission rate,and soil organic matter.Experimentalresults showed that:During the main growth period of fruit trees,the large aggregate content of the residual branches covering soil at the 0-30 cm soil layer,the diameter (1 mm was high than that in clean tillage by 46.7%;The soil moisture content of broken branches covered with tillage was 18.4% higher in 10-30 cm soil layers compared to clean tillage;And there was no significant difference (P>0.05) on soil CO2 release rate;while the soluble solids increased by 6.7% and single fruit weight increase by 7.5%.In conclusion,the soil physical and chemical characteristics and the fruit quality were improved.This study provided a theoretical and scientific basis for exploring new soil management practices for peach orchards in Beijing region. |
| Key words: orchard brash covering soil water-holding capacity aggregates |
