| 摘要: |
| 为研究花前和花期高温对香白杏花器官发育的影响，于花期前后，以香白杏（Armeniaca vulgaris L.Xiangbaixing）成年树为试材通过枝组套袋增温处理，同时以离体花束状果枝为试材在不同温度条件下人工培养，共设置4个温度处理（28℃/18℃、23℃/13℃、18℃/8℃、13℃/6℃）。研究花前及花期高温对香白杏花器官发育以及座果率的影响。结果表明：花前及花期高温对香白杏的花器官有着显著影响，高温条件下使得香白杏雌蕊纵径和子房直径缩短，雌蕊重量、完全花比例降低、畸形花比例增多。高温条件下胚囊发育程度表现出明显的迟缓，且异常和退化的胚囊增多高达24.1%，显著高于对照组的13.8%。套袋处理中的花粉萌芽率为13.57%显著低于对照的28.89%，座果率仅为2.83%，对照处理为11.56%。花前及花期高温使得雌雄配子发育异常、降低花朵质量以及座果率。 |
| 关键词: 杏 高温 雌蕊 胚囊 座果 花期 |
| DOI：10.11841/j.issn.1007-4333.2016.10.05 |
| 投稿时间：2016-01-22 |
| 基金项目:门头沟区龙泉雾香白杏高产优质栽培技术研究（29013300） |
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| Effect of high temperature in the pre-blooming and blooming periods on flower development of Xiangbaixing apricot |
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CHEN Kang-yu, LU Xiao, ZHAO Ning, GAN Lu, ZHANG Hai-xia, LIU Guo-jie
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| (College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China) |
| Abstract: |
| To verify the effects of high temperature in pre-blossom and blooming periods on the quality of flower,growth of sexual gametes and yield of Xiangbaixing (Armeniaca vulgaris L.) were investigated by using PVC film simulation of high temperature weather under natural conditions and with isolated cultural different temperature gradients (28℃/18℃,23℃/13℃,18℃/8℃,13℃/6℃).The results showed that:Compared with the control, the weight of flowers under warm conditions was decreased and the development of pistil was inhibited;Warm conditions also delayed the development of embryo sac and the propotion of abnormal and degenerating embryo sac was increased up to 24.1%,which was significantly higher than that of the control group 13.8%;The pollen germination rate was 13.57%,which is lower than that of the control 28.89%.The fruit setting rate was 2.83%,while that of the control group reached 11.56%.In conlusion,high temperature in the pre-blooming and blooming periods had strong impact on the quality of flowers and synchrony in fertilization,resulting in the low fruit set percentages of Xiangbaixing. |
| Key words: apricot high temperature pistil embryo sac fruit set florescence |
