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| 藏药匙叶翼首草人工栽培杂草生态特点和防控效果的分析 |
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许永强1,2, 安红梅1, 袁芳1, 徐元江1,2, 甄梓娟1,2, 郑维列1,2, 兰小中1,2
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| (1.西藏大学 农牧学院, 西藏 林芝 860000;2.西藏大学 农牧学院/西南大学药用植物联合研发中心, 西藏 林芝 860000) |
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| 摘要: |
| 为探索一种有效且适应西藏藏药栽培的非化学除草方式，保证中药材质量与品质，通过在藏药匙叶翼首草人工栽培样地设置人工除草（MW）、覆黑膜（MF）以及不除草（CK）等不同除草处理，并调查不同处理措施下各样点的物种组成、数量、高度、盖度以及生物量等杂草群落特征，探讨人工除草方式和覆黑膜除草方式对翼首草样地杂草防控效果和对翼首草产量的影响。结果表明：MW处理下杂草种类最多，有20种，CK有18种，MF有8种杂草；从杂草的数量、高度以及地上生物量来看，对照杂草的总密度、平均高度以及地上总生物是MW处理的2.00、1.48和3.80倍，是MF处理的4.19、3.77和61.21倍，处理间差异显著（P<0.05）；而从杂草功能群多度来看，CK中胁迫忍耐型杂草功能群多度最大，MW中干扰型杂草功能群多度最大，MF中竞争型杂草功能群相对多度最大；从杂草和翼首草的生态位特征来看，MW处理生态位宽度和种间重叠较小CK优势杂草生态位宽度和种间重叠较大，MF处理也是杂草生态位宽度较大但种间重复较小，各处理翼首草生态位宽度大小依次为MF > MW > CK；从不同除草措施翼首草产量来看，MF处理翼首草产量分别是MW和CK的1.32和1.78倍（P<0.05）。总得来看，MF处理除草效果最佳，且翼首草产量最大，MW处理除草效果次之，杂草严重影响了翼首草产量。 |
| 关键词: 匙叶翼首草 人工除草 覆膜除草 功能群 生态位 产量 |
| DOI：10.11841/j.issn.1007-4333.2016.09.12 |
| 投稿时间：2015-10-16 |
| 基金项目:西藏自治区重大专项西藏濒危藏药材翼首草种植技术示范与规模化（20131225）；2011计划西藏特色农牧资源研发协同创新中心（藏药材方向） |
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| Analysis of weed ecological characteristics and control effect of Tibetan medicine Pterocephalus hookeri artificial cultivation |
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XU Yong-qiang1,2, AN Hong-mei1, YUAN Fang1, XU Yuan-jiang1,2, ZHEN Zi-juan1,2, ZHENG Wei-lie1,2, LAN Xiao-zhong1,2
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| (1.College of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry, Tibet University, Linzhi 860000, China;2.College of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry/Southwest University Medicinal Plants Joint Research and Development Centre, Tibet University, Linzhi 860000, China) |
| Abstract: |
| To explore non-chemical weed control management which is effectively and suitable for Tibetan medicine cultivation,the weed species,density,height,coverage and above-ground biomass under different weed control measures (no weeding,CK;manual weeding,MW;mulching black film weeding,MF) were investigated in the field of Pterocephalus hookeri artificial cultivation.The weed control effect of MW treatment and MF treatment were also studied.The results showed that:MW treatment recorded the most number of species which is 2 and 12 higher than that of MW and CK,respectively;From the aspect of weed density,the mean height and total above-ground biomass,weed density,mean height and total above-ground biomass of CK were 2.00,1.48 and 3.80,times higher than that of MW,and 4.19,3.77 and 61.21 times greater than that of MF,showing a significant difference (P<0.05);From the aspect of functional group abundance,the most abundance of stress functional group was in the CK.The most abundance of Disturbance functional group was in the MW.And the most abundance of competitiveness functional group was in the MF;As for ecological niche characteristics of weeds and P.hookeri,the low niche breadth with interspecific overlap showed in MW.The great niche breadth with interspecific overlap occurred in CK.The great niche breadth with low interspecific overlap was found in MF.And the niche breadth of P.hookeri among treatments,in turn,were MF > MW > CK;From the aspect of the yield of P.hookeri,MF treatment were 1.86-fold and 3.53-fold greater compared to MW and CK (P<0.01).In conclusion,MF treatment achieved outstanding weed control effect with the greatest yield,followed by MW.However,weed had seriously impact on the yield of P.hookeri. |
| Key words: Pterocephalus hookeri manual weeding mulching weeding functional group niche yield |
