| 摘要: |
| 针对阴山北麓旱作区雨水蓄积利用效率低的问题,探讨本地区主要种植方式对降水的蓄积效应及降水后土壤水分变化动态。本研究采用模拟降水试验方法,对降水后农田土层水分含量的变化情况进行监测和分析,结果表明:1)在4 mm降水下,粘壤土不同处理土壤贮水量显著高于对照;在12 mm降水下,沙壤土不同处理土壤贮水量显著高于对照。不同降雨量粘壤土和沙壤土贮水量增量表现一致,大小顺序均为垄作全膜> 垄作半膜> 平作全膜> 平作半膜> 平作(CK)。以8 mm降水为例,粘壤土各处理中,垄作全膜处理下土壤贮水增量为6.5 mm,是对照的1.76倍,沙壤土各处理中,垄作全膜种植方式贮水增量是对照的3.2倍。2)垄作全膜能够将12 mm以上降水蓄积在粘壤土表层,使该层土壤水分变化较小,土壤含水量基本维持在15.0%~16.5%,沙壤土蓄积雨水效果较差。3)在降水后5 d内,粘壤土土壤水分变化为0~20 cm土壤含水量呈降低趋势,降水后第3天该土层土壤含水量下降变缓,20~30 cm土壤含水量先增加后降低,在降水后第3天达到最高,30~50 cm土壤含水量均呈增加趋势;沙壤土土壤水分变化为0~30 cm土壤含水量下降趋势较明显,30~50 cm土壤含水量表现为先增加后降低。因此,在本地区生产条件下,垄作全膜不仅具有良好的集雨效果,而且能够将积蓄雨水主要分布于土壤表层30~50 cm,从而对有限的降水资源进行再分配,提高作物的水分利用效率。 |
| 关键词: 模拟降水 土壤贮水量 种植方式 集雨效应 土壤含水量 |
| DOI：10.11841/j.issn.1007-4333.2015.06.30 |
| 投稿时间：2015-03-10 |
| 基金项目:内蒙古农牧业创新基金项目(CXJJ2013N10); 内蒙古农牧业青年创新基金项目(2015QNJJN09); 国家"十二五"科技支撑项目(2012BAD09B02) |
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| Effects of different planting methods on rainwater accumulation under simulated rainfall conditions |
|
REN Yong-feng1,2, ZHAO Pei-yi1, LI Bin1, TUO De-bao1, JIA You-yu1, AN Hao1
|
| (1.Institute of Resources and Environment and Testing Technology Sciences, IMAAAHS, Hohhot 010031, China;2.College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China) |
| Abstract: |
| To explore the effect of local planting patterns on rainwater accumulation and utilization efficiency and soil water dynamic change at arid area of Yinshan .This experiment uses the simulated rainfall method to monitor and analysis the moisture content in farmland after rainfall.The results show that:1) Under rainfall of 4 mm,soil water storage is significant higher than CK in clay soil;Under rainfall of 12 mm,Soil water storage is significant higher than CK in sandy loam.Clay soil has same soil water storage with sandy loam,whole plastic-film mulching on ridge> half plastic-film mulching on ridge> whole plastic-film mulching on tillage> half plastic-film mulching on tillage> tillage (CK),in the increment of soil water storage.For example,at 8mm precipitation in clay loam of all treatments,the increment of soil water holding capacity is 6.5 mm in whole plastic-film mulching on ridge treatment,and is 1.76 times higher than CK,in sandy loam soil of all treatments,the increment of soil water holding capacity in whole plastic-film mulching on ridge treatment is 3.2 times higher than CK.2) whole plastic-film mulching on ridge could accumulate above 12 mm rainfall in the top clay soil;it would slightly change soil water stability,and the soil water content would keep stable between 15.0%-16.5%.However,the sandy loam has worse performance in accumulation rainfall aspect.3) After 5 days rainfall,the changing laws of soil moisture of clay soil show downward trend for 0-20 cm soil moisture and get slower on third day after rainfall;first rise and then drop trend for 20-30 cm soil moisture and achieve the top on third day after rainfall;The increase trend for 30-50 cm soil moisture.In addition,the changing laws of soil moisture of sandy loam diplays obvious decrease trend for 0-30 cm soil moisture and first rise and then drop trend for 30-50 cm soil moisture.In conclusion,not only whole plastic-film mulching on ridge has better water harvesting efficiency,but also has better ability to accumulate rainfall in 30-50 cm soil depth layer.Whole plastic-film mulching on ridge could improve the rainfall accumulation efficiency.Hence,it could increase water use efficiency of crop and effectively limited rainfall resources reallocation. |
| Key words: simulated rainfall method soil water storage planting mode rain collection effect soil water content |
