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| 中国夏秋粮生产化肥施用环境成本估算 |
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刘建霞1, 徐卫华2, 黄璜1,3, 郑华斌1,3, 贺慧1, 姚林1, 陈灿1,3
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| (1.湖南农业大学 生物科学与技术学院/南方粮油作物协同创新中心, 长沙 410128;2.中国科学院 生态环境研究中心/城市与区域生态国家重点实验室, 北京 100085;3.湖南农业大学 农学院, 长沙 410128) |
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| 摘要: |
| 为估算2000、2005、2010年全国主要夏粮(早稻和小麦)与秋粮(中稻、晚稻和玉米)化肥施用环境影响的能值成本和宏观经济价值,以及计算2000—2010年的夏秋粮生产化肥施用环境成本的增长率,以化肥施用的污染产生剂量分析为基础,借助能值分析理论和伤残调整生命年评估手段来进行研究。结果表明:2010年,夏粮化肥施用环境成本高达171亿元,约占农业增加值的0.75%;秋粮化肥施用环境成本高达327亿元,约占农业增加值的1.44%;时间序列来看,2000—2010年全国夏粮与秋粮化肥施用引致的环境成本增加,2010年全国主要的粮食作物使用化肥引致的环境成本比2000年增长了4.68倍,其中夏粮增长了3.55倍,秋粮增长了5.53倍,夏粮的环境成本增速稍有下降,秋粮的增速大致保持不变。空间分布特征来看,夏粮在北部及沿海地区的影响强度大于南部与内陆地区,秋粮在西部耕地资源稀缺区的化肥环境影响强度趋于强烈。因此,农业生产中土地要素相较稀缺的地区,更加依赖于化肥的大量投入来提高产量,化肥环境成本负荷相应较大。 |
| 关键词: 环境成本 能值 夏粮 秋粮 |
| DOI：10.11841/j.issn.1007-4333.2015.06.29 |
| 投稿时间：2015-01-06 |
| 基金项目:环保部、中科院全国生态环境10年变化调查与评估项目(STSN-04-00); 国家科技支撑计划项目(2013BAD07B11) |
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| Estimation of environmental cost of chemical fertilizer usage in China's summer & autumn grain production |
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LIU Jian-xia1, XU Wei-hua2, HUANG Huang1,3, ZHENG Hua-bin1,3, HE Hui1, YAO Lin1, CHEN Can1,3
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| (1.College of Bio-science & Technology/Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain and Oil Crop in Southern Paddy Field, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China;2.State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China;3.College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China) |
| Abstract: |
| To estimate the energy costs and macro-economic values of the environmental impact of chemical fertilizer between summer grain crops (early rice,wheat) and autumn crops (mid-rice,late rice and maize) in 2000,2005 2010 year in China,and its average annual growth rate 2000-2010,this study was designated with the theory of energy analysis and assessment method of disability adjusted life years (DALYs).The result showed that:The environmental cost of chemical fertilizer between summer grain crops and autumn grain crops in 2010 year was 17.1 billion RMB and 32.7 billion RMB,respectively,which account for 0.73% and 1.47% of the add value of agriculture.From time series,there was an increase with years in the environmental cost of chemical fertilizer from 2000 to 2010 in China.The environmental cost of chemical fertilizer use in China's main food crops in 2010 year increase by 4.68 times with that of 2000 year,3.55 times in summer grain crops and 5.53 times in autumn grain crops.In addition,a slight decline was observed in the rate of increase in summer grain crops and no obvious change was observed in the rate of increase in autumn grain crops.From the spatial distribution features:Impact strength of chemical fertilizer use in north China and coastal areas in summer grain crops was greater than that of south China and inland areas;impact strength of chemical fertilizer use in west China and the area of cultivated land that is scaring,was enhanced.Therefore,the increase of crop production was more relies on the large amount of chemical fertilizer usage in the areas of limited cultivated land,and the environmental cost of chemical fertilizer increased accordingly. |
| Key words: environmental cost energy summer grain crop autumn grain crop |
