| 摘要: |
| 为探明滴水量对大豆花荚形成的影响规律,于2013和2014年在田间研究了W1(975 m3/hm2、900 m3/hm2)、W2(1 575 m3/hm2、1 725 m3/hm2)、W3(2 175 m3/hm2、2 550 m3/hm2)、W4(2 755 m3/hm2、3 375 m3/hm2) 4种滴水量(头水盛花期)处理对0~40 cm土壤含水量和新大豆27开花、结荚动态及产量的影响。结果表明:增加滴水量会直接增加0~40 cm土层含水量,提高含水量下限;W4处理下花期较W1延长2 d、开花节数增加1节、明显增加主茎10~15节的花数,W4处理下单株花数和单位面积总花数分别较W1增加9.9%~35.5%和17.0%~30.9%;W4下部茎节的成荚速度较W1降低、延长结荚期1~5 d、增加10~15茎节成荚数,W4单株荚数、单位面积总腔数、产量分别较W1增加15.9%~37.3%、21.0%~26.3%和27.6%~78.0%。增加花荚期滴水量增产的重要原因是增加花数和荚数。新疆伊宁春大豆盛花期滴头水,鼓粒中期滴末水,生育期间滴水4次,每次滴水600~750 m3/hm2,总滴水量2 550~2 775 m3/hm2,可获得产量5 388.3~6 404.7 kg/hm2,其总花数为3 000.4~3 042.0朵/hm2,总腔数为2 436.5~2 978.8个/hm2。 |
| 关键词: 春大豆 滴水量 超高产 花荚 |
| DOI：10.11841/j.issn.1007-4333.2015.06.06 |
| 投稿时间：2015-03-07 |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金资助项目(31160266) |
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| Effects of different quantities of drip irrigation on flowers pods and yield of spring soybean |
|
LI Chun-yan, YI Li-ha-mu, ZHANG Jian-xin
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| (College of Agronomy, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China) |
| Abstract: |
| In order to explore the mechanism of drip irrigation affecting soybean flowers and pods,four different quantities of drip irrigation,W1 (975 m3/hm2,900 m3/hm2), W2 (1 575 m3/hm2,1 725 m3/hm2),W3 (2 175 m3/hm2,2 550 m3/hm2) and W4 (2 755 m3/hm2,3 375 m3/hm2),were tested on 0-40 cm soil,new 27 soybeans to investigate their influences on soil moisture content,soybean bloom,pod and yield.The results showed:The increase of drip irrigation can improve the moisture content of 0-40 cm soil,but the improvement is limited;Under W4 treatment,soybean flowering stage was prolonged 2 d,flower stich was increased 1 stem,the number of node was increased up to 10-15 apparently compare with W1,the number of flowers per plant and total number of flowers per unit area increased 9.9%-35.5%,17.0%-30.9%respectively,the rate of into pod speed on lower is slower than W1,bore pod stage was prolonged 1-5 d,the number of pod increased 10-15.The number of pod per plant,total cavity number per plant area,yield increased 15.9%-37.3%,21.0%-26.3% and 27.6%-78.0% respectively compared to W1.The important reason of increased irrigation amount resulting in increased yield is due to increasement of the number of flowers and pods.The largest amount of irrigation for spring soybean is at the end of maturity,which are four times of the amount irrigated inthe whole growth stage,With was 600-750 m3/hm2 for each irrigation,total amount of drip irrigation water 2 550-2 775 kg/hm2 can obtain production above 5 388.3-6 404.7 kg/hm2,the total number of flowers 3 000.4- 3 042.0/hm2 and the total number of cavities 2 436.5-2 978.8/hm2 at Yining,Xinjiang. |
| Key words: spring soybean amount of drip irrigation water super-high-yield flowers and pods |
