| 摘要: |
| 利用内蒙古包头市7个牧区生态移民安置区的移民调查数据,采用生态移民认知和统计描述等方法实证分析牧区生态移民非农生计策略选择及困境问题.研究表明:生态移民以从事临时性无手艺打工为主要非农生计策略,而女性以及以小学和初中文化程度为主的生态移民选择失业的比重比较高;生态移民非农生计策略选择重点依赖于自己;在非农生计策略选择中往往会遇到工资少、缺技术、打工机会、知识缺乏、资金短缺、社会关系缺乏、语言沟通困难、缺乏带头人以及缺乏企业等困难.笔者认为,为提高生态移民在非自愿迁移背景下非农生计策略的转型能力,应该建立移民非农就业机构,根据生态移民性别、教育程度以及劳动能力,采取适合的产业选择、二三产业就业培训、安置区内外转移相结合方式以及当地特色农畜产品加工产业链条延长等措施,实现生计转型背景下的生态移民可持续发展. |
| 关键词: 蒙古族生态移民 生计转型 非农生计策略选择 困境 |
| DOI：10.11841/j.issn.1007-4333.2015.03.36 |
| 投稿时间：2014-08-18 |
| 基金项目:国家社会科学基金资助项目(12CMZ027); 2014年度内蒙古自治区高等学校"青年科技英才支持计划"(NJYT-14-B14) |
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| Analysis on selection of off-farm livelihoods strategy and dilemma for ecological migration of the Mongol nationality in the context of livelihoods transformation |
|
SHI Jun-hong1,2
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| (1.Rural Development Institute, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, Beijing 100732, China;2.School of Economics, Inner Mongolia University of Finance and Economics, Huhhot 010070, China) |
| Abstract: |
| Based on the survey data about the ecological migration of seven immigrant settlement regions in Daerhanmaomingan Union Banner in Inner Mongolia,using methods such as statistical description and perceive,the selection of off-farm livelihood strategy and dilemma were analyzed empirically.Research showed that for the ecological migration,selection of temporary part-time work without skills had been taken as their main off-farm livelihood strategy,moreover,for the ecological migration,the proportion for those who were females and who had degrees of education of primary and junior high school,their selection of unemployment was relatively higher;For the ecological migration,selection of off-farm livelihood strategy mainly depended on themselves.In selection of off-farm livelihood strategy,for the ecological migration,people usually encounter some dilemmas,such as low wages,short of technology,work chances,knowledge,fund and social relations,and dilemma of verbal communication,short of champion and enterprises.In this paper,it suggested that in order to improve transformation capacity of off-farm livelihood strategy in involuntary migration,an institution for non-agricultural employment should be established,on the basis of sex,degree of education and labor capacity,and some measures should be adopted such as selection of suitable industry,employment training in secondary and tertiary industries,migration pattern of combination in internal and external resettlement areas,and extending the characteristic livestock products processing industry chain,which eventually realized sustainable development for the ecological migration in the context of livelihood transformation. |
| Key words: ecological migration of the Mongol nationality livelihood transformation selection of off-farm livelihood strategy dilemma |
