| 摘要: |
| 氮肥过量使用导致玉米倒伏，限制了玉米产量潜力的发挥，而作物化控技术可以有效解决玉米倒伏，但有关寒地春玉米氮肥与化控技术互作缺乏深入研究。本研究以郑单958和先玉335为材料，在不同氮肥水平下于玉米拔节初期(七片展开叶)叶面喷施植物生长调节剂30%己·乙水剂，研究寒地春玉米氮肥与调节剂的互作效应。试验结果表明，随氮肥施用量增加，玉米株高和穗位增高，茎叶夹角和基部第3节间长度增大，节间氮积累量增加，而叶面积指数(LAI)、节间直径、碳含量和木质素含量呈先增加后减少趋势，但节间碳氮比和抗折力随施氮量增加有下降趋势。中氮水平(180 kg/hm2)改善了玉米冠层结构，促进了产量提高。30%己·乙水剂处理降低了株高和穗位高，减小了茎叶夹角和LAI，缩短了第3节间长，增加了节间直径、碳含量、木质素含量、碳氮比和抗折力，提高了植株的抗倒伏性，产量得到提高。研究结果表明，180 kg/hm2的氮肥施用与30%己·乙水剂叶面喷施玉米产量最高，株型、群体结构和抗倒力最佳，是寒地春玉米氮肥与化控技术互作的最佳模式。 |
| 关键词: 春玉米 氮肥 化控 产量 抗倒伏 |
| DOI：10.11841/j.issn.1007-4333.2014.05.05 |
| 投稿时间：2014-03-05 |
| 基金项目:国家“863计划”项目（2011AA10A206） |
|
| Interaction of nitrogen fertilizer and plant growth regular on plant morphology and yield in spring maize of cold region |
|
ZHANG Qian1, ZHANG Ming-cai1, LIU Ming2, TAN Wei-ming1, XIAO Jia-lei2, LAI Yong-cai2, LI Zhao-hu1, DUAN Liu-sheng1
|
| (1.College of Agronomy and Biotechnology/Engineering Research Center of Plant Growth Regulator of Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China;2.Institute of Crop Cultivation and Farming, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150086, China) |
| Abstract: |
| Excessive use of nitrogen fertilizer resulte in the lodging of maize, thus limite the potential yield of maize.Plant growth regulator (PGR) can effectively solve the problem of maize lodging.However, previous researches on the interaction between nitrogen and chemical control were lack of deeping study yet in spring maize of cold region.In this study, Zhengdan 958 and Xianyu 335 were used to study the interaction between nitrogen and chemical control in spring maize of cold region.Under different N rates, PGR 30% Hex-ethyl-aqua was applied through foliar at the early jointing stage (seven expanded leaves).Our results showed that plant height, ear height, the angle between the stem and leaf and the length of the 3rd basal internode were increased with the increase of nitrogen application.In addition, the results showed a tendency of increase in the leaf area index (LAI), diameter of internode, carbon content and lignin content following decrease with the increase of nitrogen application.However, the ratio of carbon and nitrogen in internode and strength of breaking-resistance were decreased with the increase of nitrogen application.Medium application of nitrogen (180 kg/hm2) could improve the structure of canopy and promote yield.The plant height, ear height, leaf angle, LAI and the length of the 3rd basal internode were decreased after treatment with 30% Hex-ethyl-aqua.However, the diameter of internode, carbon content, lignin content, the ratio of carbon and nitrogen in internode and strength of breaking-resistance were increased after treated with PGR.In general, application of Hex-ethyl-aqua could improve the lodging resistance and increase the yield of maize.Overall, our results demonstrated that application of the medium nitrogen (180 kg/hm2) with 30% Hex-ethyl-aqua was the optimum cultivation practice in maize of cold region due to the best yield, plant morphology, population structure and lodging resistance force. |
| Key words: spring maize nitrogen fertilizer chemical control yield lodging-resistant |
