| 摘要: |
| 以"小麦/玉米/大豆"、"小麦/玉米/甘薯"2种三熟套作体系和"小麦-大豆"、"小麦-甘薯"、"蚕豆-玉米"3种两熟轮作体系为研究对象,通过2011和2012年2年的田间试验,探讨了不同种植模式下小麦、玉米干物质积累分配、产量、氮素利用效率和体系产量产值的变化。结果表明:套作小麦各时期地上部干物质积累量从拔节期后均显著高于单作小麦,套作玉米各时期干物质积累量与对应单作相比略有降低,但差异不显著;2种三熟套作模式中小麦/玉米、玉米/大豆和玉米/甘薯套作体系的土地当量比(LER)均大于1,具有明显的产量优势;与相应单作相比,玉米/大豆套作提高了体系的氮素利用效率(ΔNUEms＞0),平均提高38.5%,玉米/甘薯套作降低了体系的氮素利用效率(ΔNUEms＜0),平均降低46.0%;全年总收益2年平均以三熟套作"麦/玉/薯"体系最高,比三熟套作"麦/玉/豆"体系高13.1%,比两熟轮作体系小麦-甘薯、小麦-大豆和蚕豆-玉米分别高14.7%、2.4%和41.2%。综上,三熟套作相对两熟轮作能提高体系产量和产值,与大豆套作能提高体系氮素吸收利用效率。 |
| 关键词: 小麦 玉米 轮作 套作 产量 干物质积累 氮素利用效率 |
| DOI：10.11841/j.issn.1007-4333.2013.06.009 |
| 投稿时间：2013-04-11 |
| 基金项目:国家现代农业玉米产业技术体系项目(CARS-02); 国家自然科学基金重大国际(地区)合作研究项目(31210103906); 四川省科技支撑计划项目(2012RZ0018) |
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| Dry matter accumulation,yield and nitrogen use efficiencyof crops rotation and intercropping systems in Sichuan |
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CHEN Yuan-xue1, LIU Jing1, CHEN Xin-ping2, ZHANG Chao-chun2, HUANG Wei1, TANG Yi-qin1, XU Kai-wei1
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| (1.College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China;2.College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China) |
| Abstract: |
| Crop intercropping or relay-cropping is very popular and there are dozens of planting patterns in Sichuan province.The wheat/maize/sweet potato and wheat/maize/soybean relay-cropping systems are two main intercropping systems.To assess the effect of different planting patterns on crops grain yield,dry matter accumulation,output value and nitrogen use efficiency,two field experiments were conducted in 2011 and 2012 at SCAU experimental base in Sichuan,the experiment treatments included two triple-harvest intercropping systems as "wheat/maize/soybean" and "wheat/maize/sweet potato" and three double-harvest crop rotation systems as "wheat-soybean","wheat-sweet potato" and "faba bean-maize".The results showed that:Dry matter accumulation of intercropping wheat was significantly higher than that of monoculture wheat after the jointing stage,while dry matter accumulation of relay-cropping maize slightly decreased comparing to monoculture maize but with no significant difference during the whole growth period.The wheat/maize,maize/soybean and maize/sweet potato intercropping systems in the wheat/maize/soybean and wheat/maize/sweet potato relay-cropping systems had obvious production advantages with a LER(Land equivalent ratio)>1.Comparing to the relevant sole cropping, nitrogen use efficiency of the maize/soybean intercropping system increased(△NUEms＞0) by 38.5% but nitrogen use efficiency of the maize/sweet potato intercropping system decreased(△NUEms＜0) by 46.0%.The highest average annual revenue for 2011 and 2012 was obtained from wheat/maize/sweet potato triple-harvest intercropping system.Comparing to the other four systems(wheat/maize/soybean triple-harvest intercropping system,and the wheat-sweet potato,wheat-soybean,faba bean-maize double-harvest rotation systems),it added values by 13.1%,14.7%,2.4% and 41.2% respectively.In conclusion,triple-harvest intercropping systems was much better than double-harvest rotation systems since it could improve yield and output value,and intercropping system with soybean could enhance nitrogen absorption and use efficiency. |
| Key words: wheat maize rotation intercropping yield dry matter accumulation N use efficiency |
