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西安地区羊奶的成分和霉菌毒素污染状况研究
黄良策^1,2,3,4, 郑楠^2,3,4, 王加启^2,3,4, 程建波^1,2, 韩荣伟^2,3,4, 许晓敏^2,3,4, 李松励^2,3,4
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(1.安徽农业大学动物科技学院, 合肥 230036;2.中国农业科学院北京畜牧兽医研究所/动物营养国家重点实验室, 北京 100193;3.农业部奶及奶制品质量监督检验测试中心(北京), 北京 100193;4.农业部奶产品质量安全风险评估实验室(北京), 北京 100193)

摘要:

为研究西安地区羊奶的成分和霉菌毒素污染状况,采集了西安市70批次生鲜羊奶样品和30批次羊奶粉样品,利用Milkscan乳成分测定仪和液相色谱串联质谱法检测羊奶的质量指标(蛋白、脂肪和体细胞数)和霉菌毒素污染状况(黄曲霉毒素M₁、赭曲霉毒素A、α-玉米赤霉烯醇和玉米赤霉烯酮)。结果表明:1)生鲜羊奶的乳蛋白、乳脂肪和体细胞数平均为3.6%、4.1%和116.9万cells/mL;2)黄曲霉毒素M₁、赭曲霉毒素A、α-玉米赤霉烯醇和玉米赤霉烯酮在生鲜羊奶中检出率和平均含量分别为98.1%和12.4 ng/kg、80%和96.6 ng/kg、77.1%和74.5 ng/kg、80.0%和36.2 ng/kg,在羊奶粉中检出率和平均含量分别为100%和57.3 ng/kg、37.0%和37.1 ng/kg、60.0%和59.8 ng/kg、100%和97.1 ng/kg,所有样品中霉菌毒素含量都处于痕量水平,远低于黄曲霉毒素M₁的国家限量(500 ng/kg);3)黄曲霉毒素M₁显著影响乳蛋白含量(P<0.01),α-玉米赤霉烯醇也显著影响体细胞数(P<0.001),玉米赤霉烯酮和α-玉米赤霉烯醇、乳蛋白与乳脂肪间存在显著相关性(P<0.01)。结果显示,目前西安地区羊奶质量在安全范围,但霉菌毒素污染的风险还应引起人们的警惕。

关键词: 羊奶质量霉菌毒素液相色谱串联质谱法

DOI：10.11841/j.issn.1007-4333.2013.05.18

投稿时间：2013-03-19

基金项目:引进国际先进农业科学技术项目(2013-Z10); 农业部生鲜乳质量安全风险评估专项

Investigation on composition and mycotoxin contaminations of goat milk in Xi’an and their correlations

HUANG Liang-ce^1,2,3,4, ZHENG Nan^2,3,4, WANG Jia-qi^2,3,4, CHENG Jian-bo^1,2, HAN Rong-wei^2,3,4, XU Xiao-min^2,3,4, LI Song-li^2,3,4

(1.College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China;2.State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition/Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China;3.Milk and Dairy Product Inspection Center of Ministry of Agriculture (Beijing), Beijing 100193, China;4.Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Dairy Products of Ministry of Agriculture (Beijing), Beijing 100193, China)

Abstract:

To study the components and mycotoxin contaminations of goat milk in Xian,Milkscan milk composition analyzer and ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) were used to analyzed the milk compositions (protein,fat,somatic cell) and mycotoxin contaminations (aflatoxin M₁,ochratoxin A,α-zearalenol and zearalenone).The results showed that:1) Protein,fat and somatic cell count of goat raw milk was 3.6%,4.1% and 116.92×10⁴ Cells/ml,respectively; 2) 98.1% of the goat raw milk samples were contaminated with aflatoxin M₁,80% with ochratoxin A,77.1% with α-zearalenol and 80.0% with zearalenone,whereas 100% of goat milk powder samples were contaminated with aflatoxin M₁,37.0% with ochratoxin A,59.3% with α-zearalenol and 100% with zearalenone,and their average concentrations were 12.4 ng/kg,198.6 ng/kg,153.0 ng/kg,36.2 ng/kg in goat raw milk and 57.3 ng/kg,37.1 ng/kg,105.4 ng/kg,128.7 ng/kg in goat milk powder.Furthermore,no samples exceeded the maximum residue levels(500 ng/kg) of aflatoxin M₁ regulated by China; 3) There were significant correlations between aflatoxin M₁ and protein(P<0.01),and also between protein and fat (P<0.01),as well as between α-zearalenol and somatic cell count(P<0.001).The results indicated that goat milk in Xi'an was nutrition and safe,but the risk of mycotoxin contaminations in goat milk might be a concern.

Key words: goat milk quality mycotoxin UPLC-MS/MS