| 摘要: |
| 采用形态学和分子生物学方法对从玉米中分离纯化的优势霉菌进行鉴定,并在一定梯度的温度和湿度中进行培养,测量每日菌落和芽管生长速度,研究其生物学特性。结果表明:玉米中的优势霉菌为草酸青霉、串珠镰刀菌和黑曲霉。草酸青霉及串珠镰刀菌最适生长温度为30 ℃,黑曲霉为35 ℃;草酸青霉、串珠镰刀菌和黑曲霉分生孢子萌发的最适温度分别为30、25和35 ℃;草酸青霉及串珠镰刀菌最适生长湿度为70%,黑曲霉为80%;在自由水情况下,草酸青霉、串珠镰刀菌和黑曲霉分生孢子萌发率分别为72.5%、79.2%和85.1%。 |
| 关键词: 玉米 霉菌 分离 鉴定 生物学特性 |
| DOI：10.11841/j.issn.1007-4333.2013.05.14 |
| 投稿时间：2013-02-02 |
| 基金项目:"十二五"农村领域国家科技计划(2012AA101609-7); 中国农业大学本科生科研训练计划 |
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| Separation,identification and biological characteristics of pathogenic fungi in maize |
|
DU Yi-jun, CONG Yuan, LI Ping-lan
|
| (College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China) |
| Abstract: |
| Morphological and molecular biological methods were used for separation and purification of the main fungi from maize for identification.The growth rate of colony and germ tube were daily measured to study their biological characteristics,which were cultured in a certain gradient of temperature and humidity.The results showed that the main fungi in maize were Penicillium oxalicum,Fusarium moniliforme and Aspergillus niger.The optimum growth temperature of Penicillium oxalicum,Fusarium moniliforme and Aspergillus niger were 30 ℃,30 ℃ and 35 ℃.The optimum conidial germination temperature of Penicillium oxalicum,Fusarium moniliforme and Aspergillus niger were 30 ℃,25 ℃ and 35 ℃.The optimum humidity of Penicillium oxalicum and Fusarimu moniliforme was 70%,while Aspergillus niger was 80%.On the condition of free water,the optimum conidial germination rate of Penicillium oxalicum was 72.5%,Fusarium moniliforme was 79.2%,and Aspergillus niger was 85.1%. |
| Key words: maize fungi separation identification biological characteristic |
