| 摘要: |
| 利用田间定位试验的研究方法,对在华北地区通过种植模式调整实现农业节水的潜力进行了研究。通过系统比较3种不同种植模式单季和周年作物水分利用效率以及水量平衡方程,获得如下结论:1)冬小麦-夏玉米一年两熟常规模式(对照)具有显著产量优势,但水分利用率较低,对地下水消耗较大,不利于本地区农业的可持续发展;2)与对照相比,春玉米一熟模式可以实现最小灌溉或者零灌溉,充分利用自然降雨的同时,还有助于地下水的恢复,但周年产量降低较多(降低41%),考虑到粮食安全的需求,该模式不适宜在当前推广;3)与对照相比,两年三熟模式3年总灌溉量降低48%,产量降低11%,节水效果明显,水分利用效率显著提高,该模式进一步完善后可适当推广。本研究结果为在华北平原地区兼顾粮食安全基础上拓展节水农业提供了新的思路,对发展可持续性农业做了有益探索。 |
| 关键词: 作物 种植模式 水分利用效率 |
| DOI：10.11841/j.issn.1007-4333.2013.01.008 |
| 投稿时间：2012-05-11 |
| 基金项目:973项目(2009CB118602); 公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201203031) |
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| Water utilization of different cropping production systems in North China Plain |
|
GUO Bu-qing1, TAO Hong-bin1, WANG Pu1, Heike KNÖERZER2, Wilhelm CLAUPEIN2
|
| (1.College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China;2.Institute of Crop Science, Hohenheim University, Stuttgart D-70593, German) |
| Abstract: |
| A 3-year field trial was carried out to estimate the water-saving potential for reducing the use of ground water resource through adjusting cropping production systems in North China Plain (NCP).Results showed that:1) Double cropping production system had advantage in kernel yield,but it consumed huge amount of groundwater,and the water use efficiency was lower.2) In continuing spring maize system,no irrigation was applied,as precipitation could almost fully meet the demand of spring maize and recharge the groundwater,while the total kernel yield was much lower than double cropping production system.Improving the yield of spring maize in this area would be helpful to the extension of the new cropping system.3) Compared with double cropping production system,the total kernel yields and amount of irrigation water were reduced by 11% and 48% separately in 'three harvests in two years’ production system.The results indicated a new way to develop a sustainable production system for water-saving agriculture,based on food self-security,in NCP. |
| Key words: crop cropping production system water use efficiency |
