| 摘要: |
| 以2007年主要农作物种植结构为参考,将设定的减量施肥目标、灌溉用水总量和土地资源等作为约束条件,对北京市农业种植结构方案进行优化分析。结果表明:现有的农业种植结构模式具有较大的调整空间。当化肥施用量比现状年(2007年)减少3% ~ 9%时,农作物种植的年净收益最大(37.27×108 元);随着施肥减量比例的进一步提高,年净收益逐渐减少;但在施肥减量比例小于15%的条件下,其年净收益均高于现状年。在测试的施肥减量比例范围内,灌溉需水量随施肥减量比例的增大先减小后增大。当施肥量比现状年减少11%时,灌溉需水量达其最小值8.43×108 m3,而年净收益值则达其最大值的99.5%。比现状年施肥量减少9%和11%的施肥方案分别是经济效益最佳和灌溉需水量最小的推荐施肥减量方案。 |
| 关键词: 灌溉用水量 化肥施用量 面源污染 年效益 线性规划 |
| DOI：10.11841/j.issn.1007-4333.2011.05.007 |
| 投稿时间：2011-03-09 |
| 基金项目:北京市科技计划项目(D07050601510000) |
|
| Adjustment of crop planting structure and optimal analysisof water and fertilizer application in Beijing |
|
LIU Ya-qiong1, LI Fa-hu1, YANG Yu-lin2
|
| (1.College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100083,China;2.Beijing Municipal Research Centre for Rural Economy,Beijing 100083,China) |
| Abstract: |
| Based on the data of planting structure of main crops in 2007,the scheme of agricultural planting structure in Beijing City was optimized and analyzed under the constraints of the application amount of chemical fertilizer,irrigation water requirement,and agricultural land resources and so on.The results indicate that the existing planting structure mode has a great adjustable space.When the application amount of chemical fertilizer was decreased by 3%-9% based on that in 2007,annual net benefit from agricultural planting got its maximum of 37.27×108 Yuan.With the further reduction of fertilizer application amount,the annual net benefit gradually decreased.However,the annual net benefit still was greater than that in 2007 if the reduction proportion of fertilizer application amount was smaller than 15%.Within the tested range of the reduction proportion of fertilizer application amount,irrigation water requirement firstly decreased and then increased with the decrease of fertilizer application amount.When the fertilizer application amount was cut down by 11% from that in 2007,irrigation water requirement got to the minimum of 8.43×108 m3 and annual net benefit also got to 99.5% of its maximum value.The schemes of 9% and 11% reductions of fertilizer application amount lower than that in 2007 are recommended respectively for maximum economic benefit and minimum irrigation water requirement from crop planting. |
| Key words: irrigation water requirement application amount of chemical fertilizer non-point pollution annual net benefit linear programming |
