| 摘要: |
| 在淮河平原进行田间试验,研究了旱稻小麦两熟种植系统土壤氮、磷、钾供应状况、养分吸收利用效率及肥料需求规律。结果表明:小麦产量对肥料的依赖性以及对磷和钾素的敏感程度高于旱稻。旱稻小麦两熟种植系统一个周期内的土壤氮素供应量为12.5 g/m2、磷素为3.3 g/m2和钾素为22.7 g/m2。土壤对第一季旱稻和小麦的氮、磷和钾素供应能力均显著高于第二季,表明土壤养分供应能力很大程度上受施肥的影响。旱稻氮、磷和钾肥表观利用率平均值分别为33.4%、3.0%和-8.5%,小麦分别为69.3%1、3.4%和36.9%。每生产1 t旱稻籽粒需氮素14.9~33.7 kg、磷素2.9~5.9 kg和钾素17.9~38.1 kg;每生产1 t小麦籽粒需氮素15.9~28.3 kg、磷素3.1~4.2 kg和钾素15.9~21.6 kg。在淮河平原,两季旱稻施氮、磷、钾(NPK)比不施氮(PK)处理分别显著增产18.4%、25.8%;两季小麦NPK比PK处理分别显著增产54.1%、158.7%,两季旱稻、小麦NPK处理的产量均显著高于PK处理,表明氮素是限制淮河平原旱稻小麦两熟制旱稻和小麦产量的主要肥料因素。 |
| 关键词: 旱稻 小麦 氮 磷 钾 养分吸收 利用效率 养分供应能力 |
| DOI：10.11841/j.issn.1007-4333.2007.06.120 |
| 投稿时间：2007-04-04 |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金 |
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| Supply, uptake and use efficiency of N, P and K in aerobic rice and wheat rotation system |
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| Abstract: |
| The paper is about supply,uptakes and use efficiency of N,P and K in aerobic rice and wheat cropping system.The results indicated that wheat had higher requirement for the nutrients and was more sensitive to P and K than aerobic rice.On the average,the soil supplied about(12.5?g/m~2)(N),(3.3?g/m~2)(P) and(22.7?g/m~2)(K),more in the first season.The nutrient supplying capacity of the soil largely depended upon fertilization.The apparent use efficiencies of applied N,P and K were 33.4%,3% and-8.5% for the rice,and 69.3%,13.4%,36.9% for the wheat.Producing one ton of rice grain required for N 14.9 to(33.7?kg), P 2.9 to(5.9?kg) and K 17.9 to(38.1?kg) re-spectively,but 15.9 to(28.3?kg) N,3.1 to(4.2?kg) P and 15.9 to(21.6?kg) K for the wheat grain.NPK treatments resulted in 18.4% and 25.8% higher rice yield than PK treatment in the first and the second season respectively,but for the wheat,the yields were significantly improved 54.1% and 158.7% respectively.Obviously,N is the main factors confining the yield of aerobic rice and wheat in Huai-river plain. |
| Key words: aerobic rice,winter wheat,N,P,K,nutrient uptake,use efficiency,soil nutrient supply |
