| 摘要: |
| 研究不同笼养条件下蛋鸡的健康和福利状况。选取位于北京地区的3家商品蛋鸡场,场A、B、C,其饲养密度分别为411、420和450 cm2/只。对夏季不同蛋鸡场内环境参数及空气中NH3、CO2和H2S的质量浓度进行测定,记录蛋鸡的产蛋性能和死亡率,分析异常行为的发生频率。结果表明:场C的即时风速、最大风速和平均风速均显著高于场A和B(P<0.05),场C和A的空气温度、风寒温度、应激温度、露点温度均显著低于场B(P<0.05)。NH3和CO2质量浓度各场均有显著差异(P=0.003和P=0.011),其中均以场C最低,分别为1.00和83.73 mg/m3;H2S质量浓度低于测定下限1.00 mg/m3。观察发现,场C鸡群比场A和B鸡群对外界敏感性强。蛋鸡外观评分各场差异不显著,但蛋鸡步态评分及鸡蛋污损评分各场差异显著(P=0.042和P=0.023),其中步态评分场C显著高于场A和B(P<0.05),鸡蛋污损评分场C显著低于场A和B(P<0.05)。各场中蛋鸡异常行为的发生频率无显著差异。场C入舍母鸡产蛋量显著高于场A和B(P<0.05),平均蛋重、料蛋比、平均产蛋率、高峰期产蛋率、腿病发生率、产蛋疲劳症发生率、死亡率各场均无显著差异,但场C蛋鸡生产周期显著短于场A和B(P<0.05)。3家商品蛋鸡场饲养环境、管理措施等综合因素造成的差异远大于单纯饲养密度造成的差异,为了提高现阶段我国笼养蛋鸡的健康和福利状况,应该更加重视蛋鸡整体养殖环境和管理措施的改善。 |
| 关键词: 笼养条件 蛋鸡 健康 福利 环境 |
| DOI：10.11841/j.issn.1007-4333.2007.05.107 |
| 修订日期：2007-04-25 |
| 基金项目:国家科技支撑项目课题;中国博士后科学基金 |
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| Comparison of layer''''s health and welfare under different cage conditions |
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| Abstract: |
| Layer's health and welfare were compared under different cage conditions.Three commercial layer farms in Beijing were chosen(named A,B and C,respectively) and their stocking densities were 411,420 and 450 cm2,respectively.The environmental parameters,atmospheric NH3,CO2 and H2S concentrations were measured;and laying performance,mortality and incidence frequency of abnormal behavior of layers were recorded and analyzed.The results show that the wind speed,maximum wind gust and average wind speed of C were significantly higher than those of A and B(P<0.05);atmospheric temperature,wind chill,hot stress and dew point in A and C were significantly lower than those B(P<0.05).There were significant differences for average NH3 and CO2 concentration among the farms(P=0.003 and P=0.011) and NH3 and CO2 concentrations in C were lowest(1 mg/m3 and 83.73 mg/m3,respectively)(P<0.05); average H2S concentration was below the limit of 1 mg/m3.The birds from C were observed to have a greater sensitivity to outside visitors compared with those from A and B.Appearance score had no significant difference,but gait score and egg contamination score had significant difference among the farms(P=0.042 and P=0.023),in which gait score of C was significantly higher than that of A and B,and egg contamination score of C was significantly lower than that of A and B.The incidence frequency of abnormal behaviours had no significant differences among the farms.The hen-week egg production was significantly different among the farms(P=0.004),in which C was significantly higher than A and B(P<0.05);there had no significant differences for average egg mass,feed egg ratio,average egg production rate,egg production rate at peak period,leg diseases incidence,layer fatigue incidence,and mortality,except that the production period of C was significantly shorter than that of A and B(P<0.05).The study showed that great differences among the three cage conditions had greater effects on the health and welfare of layers than the stocking density and cage way themselves.To increase the current layer's health and welfare,more emphasis should be put on the improvement of the total environmental condition and management measures. |
| Key words: cage conditions,layers,health,welfare,environment |
