| 摘要: |
| 精子竞争是指来自2个或2个以上雄性个体的精子为争夺对卵的授精权而展开的竞争。精子竞争是雄性相互竞争的最终形式,是行为生态学与进化生物学的热点。阐述了精子竞争的概念,综述了精子层化、精子失能、精子移除和精子冲洗4种昆虫精子竞争的机制以及雄性在形态、生理和行为上3类避免精子竞争的机制,详细讨论了交配次序、交配雄性数量、交配间隔以及隐秘雌性选择4个影响父权偏向的因素。笔者认为围绕精子竞争研究应尽快开展如下工作:开展精液成分的鉴定以及对精子竞争的影响作用研究,开展精子的形态、行为、生理和功能的研究,以及开展精子、雌性生殖道与卵的交互作用关系、父权偏向的精确机制等研究。 |
| 关键词: 昆虫,精子竞争,一雌多雄制,多次交配,避免机制,隐秘雌性选择 |
| DOI：10.11841/j.issn.1007-4333.2006.06.143 |
| 投稿时间：2006-09-14 |
| 基金项目:国家重点基础研究发展计划(973计划) |
|
| Sperm competition and its avoidance mechanisms in insects |
|
|
|
| Abstract: |
| Sperm competition,competition between the sperm from two or more males for the fertilization of a given set of ova,is a process of sexual selection and the final mode of males' competition.Sperm competition is currently a research focus in behavioral ecology and evolutionary ecology.Four mechanisms of sperm competition(sperm stratification,sperm incapacitation,sperm removal and sperm flushing),four impact factors on paternity(mating order,number of mated males,mating intervals and cryptic female choice) and three kinds of male's adaptation mechanisms of sperm competition(morphological adaptations,physiological adaptations and behavioral adaptations) are reviewed.Future possible fruitful researches should be done to identify the components of sperm fluid and their effects on sperm competition,examine the morphology,ethology,physiology and functions of the sperm,understand the interactive relationships among the sperm,the female's reproductive duct and the eggs and explore the precise mechanisms of paternity preference. |
| Key words: insect,sperm competition,polyandry,multiple mating,avoidance mechanisms,cryptic female choice |
